\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a.<\/p>\n 2\u0640 \u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 (B)\u060c \u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n 3\u0640 \u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 (AB)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n 4\u0640 \u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629(O)\u060c \u0623\u0648. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 (A)\u060c \u0648(B)\u060c \u0648(O)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u00abLandsteiner\u00bb(<\/sup>[4]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>) <\/sup>\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1901)\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0640 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 (AB) \u0640 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1902)\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0651 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 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\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0641\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645 \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646 \u062f\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062b\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0647\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e<\/strong>\ufd3e([5]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649: \ufd3f\u0644\u0627\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u062f\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652<\/strong>\ufd3e: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/p>\n \ufd3f\u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0652\u0631\u0650\u062c\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0641\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645<\/strong>\ufd3e\u0623\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0643\u0645 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\u0648\u062a\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064f\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0633\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0636\u062e\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u064f\u0630\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f.<\/p>\n ______________________<\/p>\n <\/a>([1]) \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641: 18.<\/p>\n <\/a>([2]) \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0643\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 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\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a: (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0648(\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645)\u060c (\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633)\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1008\u0647\u0640 \/ 1600\u0645). \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 8: 415\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 2: 333 \u0640 334.<\/p>\n <\/a>([3]) \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628: 154.<\/p>\n <\/a>([4]) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1868)\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0651\u0627.<\/p>\n \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1930) \u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0651\u061b \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u00abblod groups\u00bb. \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f 6: 87.<\/p>\n <\/a>([5]) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629: 84.<\/p>\n <\/a>([6]) \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u064a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 1: 80 \/ 187.<\/p>\n <\/a>([7]) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629: 30.<\/p>\n <\/a>([8]) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a 6: 272 \/ 7\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 10: 165 \/ 660.<\/p>\n <\/a>([9]) \u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0646 2: 461.<\/p>\n <\/a>([10]) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a 7: 273\/ 10.<\/p>\n